Math
We teach math by identifying not just the problems students can solve, but also the concepts kids do and do not have. Plenty of kids can multiply or add fractions, yet few understand why the algorithms work. Without deeper understanding, every word problem, new concept, and algorithm becomes a frustrating slog of learning nonsense, not the creative art math truly is.
Specifically, we use a mix of paper and pencil, drawings, and physical and conceptual metaphors to get across concepts. Then we keep working through types of algorithms for any given problem to find one that clicks with each student's ways of thinking. Finally, we practice to lock concepts and algorithms in place.
It is also vital for kids to have their math facts firmly in place, or at least an accurate and fast way to find them. Without the facts, higher skills take much longer to use, making math far more difficult. We use a mixture of games, worksheets, and drills to ease the difficulty of memorization.